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Gerrit Mannoury (1867–1956) was a Dutch philosopher and mathematician, professor at the University of Amsterdam and communist, known as the central figure in the signific circle, a Dutch counterpart of the Vienna circle.〔Jan Siegenbeek van Heukelom & Gerard Alberts (2000). (''Correspondentie David van Dantzig-Gerrit Mannoury : historische notitie SEN'' ). CWI The Netherlands.〕 == Biography == Gerrit Mannoury was born on 17 May 1867 in Wormerveer, and died on 30 January 1956 in Amsterdam. On 8 August 1907 he married Elizabeth Maria Berkelbach van der Sprenkel, with whom he had three daughters and a son, Jan Mannoury. His father Gerrit Mannoury, a sea-captain, had died in China when he was three years old.〔Ger Harmsen, Gerrit Voerman (1998). ("Gerrit Mannoury" ). In: ''Biografisch Woordenboek van het Socialisme''. p. 137–141.〕 He attended the Hoogere Burger School (HBS) in Amsterdam, where he graduated in 1885. The same year he received a Teacher's Degree in Accounting and in Mechanics. In 1902 he also received a Teacher's Degree in Mathematics. Mannoury was a self-educated mathematician. Because he was a teacher he couldn't attend lessons at the University of Amsterdam. He did receive privat lessons from Diederik Korteweg. He was awarded a PhD in Mathematics late in life, in 1946, with L.E.J. Brouwer as his promotores.〔 (Gerrit Mannourij ), Album Academicum, Universiteit van Amsterdam. Accessed 27 Nov 2008.〕 He died in Amsterdam. Mannoury started working in primary education in Amsterdam, Bloemendaal and Helmond. In 1910 he started teaching at the Hoogere Burger School (HBS) at Vlissingen. In 1902 he had been appointed Privatdozent at the University of Amsterdam and in 1917 he was made professor there. He retired in 1937). He lectured on the philosophy of mathematics, and on mechanics, analytics and descriptive and projective geometry.〔Erik Heijerman (1988) "Relativism and significs: Gerrit Mannoury of the foundations of mathematics". In: ''Essays on Significs: Papers Presented on the Occasion of the 150th Anniversary of the Birth of Victoria Lady Welby (1837-1912)''. H. Walter Schmitz, Victoria Welby. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1988. p.247-270.〕 Mannoury was, with Diederik Korteweg, one of the most important teachers of Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer at Amsterdam University, Mannoury especially philosophically. The first appearance of the names "formalism" and "intuitionism" in Brouwer's writings, were in a review of Gerrit Mannoury's book ''Methodologisches und Philosophisches zur Elementar-Mathematik'' (Methodological and philosophical remarks on elementary mathematics) from 1909.〔("Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer" ) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2003–2005.〕 Two other Dutch scientists he inspired were philosopher and logician Evert W. Beth and psychologist Adriaan de Groot. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gerrit Mannoury」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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